Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Advances and Frontiers

Defects in the cartilage caused by trauma, osteoarthritis, or other disorders invariably result in severe joint pain and dysfunction. Without access to progenitor cells, blood, and nutrition, the damaged cartilage would be incapable of self-repair. While current clinical treatments such as autogenous and allograft osteochondral transplantation techniques have demonstrated some efficacy, there are limitations such as donor insufficiency and poor integration with adjacent tissue. Advanced scaffold-based versus scaffold-free classifications for replicating cartilage’s native architecture and functional properties are the most recent consideration in cartilage regeneration. This chapter underlines the latest progress in cartilage tissue engineering techniques. Plus, the emerging technologies, such as 6D printing for generation of customized cartilage implants which can be used to mitigate or model disease states in clinical studies, are highlighted.

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Authors and Affiliations

1. Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran Mahsa Fallah Tafti & Shahab Faghihi

1. Mahsa Fallah Tafti